{"id":35,"date":"2025-08-13T18:25:48","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T09:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nozomi.news\/note\/?p=35"},"modified":"2026-01-05T22:29:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T13:29:45","slug":"4%e3%80%80%e3%83%87%e3%83%bc%e3%82%bf%e3%81%a8%e6%b8%ac%e5%ae%9a%e3%83%bb%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e3%83%bb%e7%b5%b1%e5%90%88-%e2%80%95-%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35","title":{"rendered":"4 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30fb\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u7d71\u5408 \u2015 \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u306e\u571f\u53f0\u3092\u56fa\u3081\u308b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#41_%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E7%B5%90%E8%AB%96%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89\" >4.1 \u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u6e2c\u5b9a\u304b\u3089<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#42_%E3%80%8C%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E8%A8%88%E6%B8%AC%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84\" >4.2 \u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8a08\u6e2c\u300d\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#43_%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%82%92%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E2%86%92%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99%E2%86%92%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E2%86%92%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6\" >4.3 \u6e2c\u5b9a\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u2192\u6307\u6a19\u2192\u9805\u76ee\u2192\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#44_%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%EF%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%E3%81%A8%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7\" >4.4 \u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\uff1a\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3068\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#441_%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88reliability%EF%BC%89%E2%80%94_%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\" >4.4.1 \u4fe1\u983c\u6027\uff08reliability\uff09\u2014 \u540c\u3058\u6761\u4ef6\u306a\u3089\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#442_%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88validity%EF%BC%89%E2%80%94_%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E3%81%AB%E6%B8%AC%E3%82%8A%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%82%92%E6%B8%AC%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\" >4.4.2 \u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08validity\uff09\u2014 \u672c\u5f53\u306b\u6e2c\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#45_%E7%9C%9F%E5%80%A4%E3%83%BB%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%95%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%92%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4\" >4.5 \u771f\u5024\u30fb\u8aa4\u5dee\u30fb\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u6301\u3064<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#451_%E7%9C%9F%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%88true_value%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E8%A2%AB%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%88measurand%EF%BC%89\" >4.5.1 \u771f\u5024\uff08true value\uff09\u3068\u88ab\u6e2c\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08measurand\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#452_%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%EF%BC%88error%EF%BC%89\" >4.5.2 \u8aa4\u5dee\uff08error\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#453_%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%95%EF%BC%88uncertainty%EF%BC%89\" >4.5.3 \u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\uff08uncertainty\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#454_%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88precision%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E7%A2%BA%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88accuracy%EF%BC%89\" >4.5.4 \u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08precision\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5ea6\uff08accuracy\uff09<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#46_%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E3%81%8C%E8%A8%B1%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\" >4.6 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u4ee3\u8868\u5024\uff1a\u3069\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#461_%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88scale%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E\" >4.6.1 \u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09\u306e4\u5206\u985e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#462_%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%A4%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E3%81%B3%E6%96%B9\" >4.6.2 \u4ee3\u8868\u5024\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#463_%E5%A4%96%E3%82%8C%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%88outlier%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E6%89%B1%E3%81%84\" >4.6.3 \u5916\u308c\u5024\uff08outlier\uff09\u306e\u6271\u3044<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#47_%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8D%E3%82%92%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE\" >4.7 \u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\uff1a\u5206\u6563\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#48_%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E3%83%BB%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E6%96%B9%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%97%E6%B3%95%E3%81%A8%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E5%91%A8%E8%BE%BA\" >4.8 \u8fd1\u4f3c\u30fb\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5468\u8fba<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#481_%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88ordinary_least_squares%EF%BC%89\" >4.8.1 \u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\uff08ordinary least squares\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#482_%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0%E3%83%BB%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E5%8C%96\" >4.8.2 \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u30fb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u56de\u5e30\u30fb\u6b63\u5247\u5316<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#49_%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%A8%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%9A%E9%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E8%A3%9C%E5%AE%8C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82\" >4.9 \u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3068\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u9055\u3044\u3068\u88dc\u5b8c\u95a2\u4fc2<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#491_%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88quantitative%EF%BC%89\" >4.9.1 \u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff08quantitative\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#492_%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88qualitative%EF%BC%89\" >4.9.2 \u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff08qualitative\uff09<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#410_%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%96%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8\" >4.10 \u53ef\u8996\u5316\uff1a\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5316\u306f\u5206\u6790\u306e\u4e00\u90e8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#411_%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E6%89%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AA%E3%81%90\" >4.11 \u7d71\u5408\uff1a\u5206\u91ce\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u3064\u306a\u3050<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#%E4%BE%8B1%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%A6%E7%BF%92%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4%E7%AD%96%E3%82%92%E8%A9%95%E4%BE%A1%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B\" >\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u652f\u63f4\u7b56\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#%E4%BE%8B2%EF%BC%9A%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A1%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%82%92%E7%9F%AD%E7%B8%AE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B\" >\u4f8b2\uff1a\u75c5\u9662\u306e\u5f85\u3061\u6642\u9593\u3092\u77ed\u7e2e\u3059\u308b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#412_%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86\" >4.12 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u54c1\u8cea\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u502b\u7406<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#413_%E7%8F%BE%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%A7%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88\" >4.13 \u73fe\u5834\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=35\/#414_%E7%AB%A0%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81\" >4.14 \u7ae0\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E7%B5%90%E8%AB%96%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89\"><\/span>4.1 \u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u6e2c\u5b9a\u304b\u3089<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u5bdf\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u5f97\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c**\u300c\u4f55\u3092\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6e2c\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304b\u300d**\u304c\u66d6\u6627\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6e2c\u308a\u65b9\u306b\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3089\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u5206\u6790\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3082\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u63fa\u3089\u304e\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001<strong>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u6e90\u3084\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\uff08\u7d71\u5408\uff09<\/strong>\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u3084\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u59ff\u52e2\u304c\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br>\u672c\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3068\u8a08\u6e2c\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u30fb\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u5b9a\u91cf\uff0f\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3068\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u54c1\u8cea\u30fb\u502b\u7406\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u969b\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u307e\u3067\u3092\u4e00\u6c17\u901a\u8cab\u3067\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_%E3%80%8C%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E8%A8%88%E6%B8%AC%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84\"><\/span>4.2 \u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8a08\u6e2c\u300d\u306e\u9055\u3044<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>**\u6e2c\u5b9a\uff08measurement\uff09**\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3084\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u3084\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6570\u5024\u5316\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u7dcf\u79f0\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff08\u9577\u3055\u30fb\u8cea\u91cf\u30fb\u6e29\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<strong>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u30fb\u5b66\u7fd2\u610f\u6b32\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\uff09\u3082\u3001\u8cea\u554f\u7968\u3084\u89b3\u5bdf\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong>\uff08\u5f8c\u8ff0\uff09\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a08\u6e2c\uff08instrumentation \/ engineering measurement\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u5668\u3084\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3092\u6e2c\u308b<\/strong>\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u30fb\u7523\u696d\u306e\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5408\u3044\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>\u4f8b\uff09\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u8ddd\u96e2\u8a08\u3067\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u8a08\u308b\u3001\u71b1\u96fb\u5bfe\u3067\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u8a08\u308b\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u3067\u632f\u52d5\u3092\u8a08\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6e2c\u5b9a\uff1d\u300c<strong>\u4f55\u3092<\/strong>\u3069\u3046\u6570\u5024\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u307e\u3067\u542b\u3080\u5e83\u3044\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a08\u6e2c\uff1d\u300c<strong>\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3092\u6a5f\u5668\u3067<\/strong>\u8a08\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u91cd\u5fc3<br>\u672c\u7ae0\u306f\u5b66\u969b\u7684\u306b\u6271\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u539f\u5247\u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u300d\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3084\u6821\u6b63\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u306f\u300c\u8a08\u6e2c\u300d\u3082\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%82%92%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E2%86%92%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99%E2%86%92%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E2%86%92%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6\"><\/span>4.3 \u6e2c\u5b9a\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u2192\u6307\u6a19\u2192\u9805\u76ee\u2192\u5c3a\u5ea6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6570\u5024\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001**\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08operationalization\uff09**\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6982\u5ff5\uff08construct\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\uff09\u300c\u5b66\u7fd2\u610f\u6b32\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5074\u9762\uff08dimension\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\uff09\u5185\u767a\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u30fb\u81ea\u5df1\u52b9\u529b\u611f\u30fb\u9054\u6210\u5fd7\u5411<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6307\u6a19\uff08indicator\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5074\u9762\u3092\u8868\u3059\u89b3\u5bdf\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\uff0f\u53cd\u5fdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9805\u76ee\uff08item\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8cea\u554f\u6587\u30fb\u89b3\u5bdf\u9805\u76ee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u540d\u7fa9\uff0f\u9806\u5e8f\uff0f\u9593\u9694\uff0f\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u5f8c\u8ff0\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f97\u70b9\u5316\uff08scoring\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u8a08\u30fb\u5e73\u5747\u30fb\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u300c\u7ffb\u8a33\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u6bb5\u306e\u5206\u6790\u3084\u6bd4\u8f03\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44_%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%EF%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%E3%81%A8%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7\"><\/span>4.4 \u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\uff1a\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3068\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"441_%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88reliability%EF%BC%89%E2%80%94_%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\"><\/span>4.4.1 \u4fe1\u983c\u6027\uff08reliability\uff09\u2014 \u540c\u3058\u6761\u4ef6\u306a\u3089\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u518d\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u4fe1\u983c\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u3067\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u81f4\u5ea6\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e26\u884c\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u6a5f\u5668\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u30fb\u540c\u7b49\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u8cab\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5074\u9762\u3092\u6e2c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9805\u76ee\u9593\u76f8\u95a2\u3001\u03b1\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u300c\u9ad8\u3051\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<strong>\u4e2d\u8eab\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027<\/strong>\u3068\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8a55\u4fa1\u8005\u9593\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u8907\u6570\u8a55\u4fa1\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u03ba\u4fc2\u6570\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8a08\u6e2c\u7cfb\u89e3\u6790\uff08MSA\uff09\uff0fGage R&amp;R<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a5f\u5668\u30fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u30fb\u8a66\u6599\u306e\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3092\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30fb\u518d\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u70b9\u691c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5411\u4e0a\u7b56\uff1a<strong>\u624b\u9806\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u6821\u6b63\u3068\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30d3\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u8a13\u7df4\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"442_%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88validity%EF%BC%89%E2%80%94_%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E3%81%AB%E6%B8%AC%E3%82%8A%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%82%92%E6%B8%AC%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\"><\/span>4.4.2 \u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08validity\uff09\u2014 \u672c\u5f53\u306b\u6e2c\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u9805\u76ee\u7fa4\u304c\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u5074\u9762\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u6e96\u95a2\u9023\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08<strong>\u540c\u6642\u7684<\/strong>\uff09\u30fb\u5c06\u6765\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08<strong>\u4e88\u6e2c\u7684<\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u69cb\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u4ed6\u5909\u6570\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\uff08<strong>\u53ce\u675f\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff0f\u5f01\u5225\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<strong>\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306f\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u30d6\u30ec\u306a\u304f\u6e2c\u308c\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u305a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"45_%E7%9C%9F%E5%80%A4%E3%83%BB%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%95%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%92%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4\"><\/span>4.5 \u771f\u5024\u30fb\u8aa4\u5dee\u30fb\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u6301\u3064<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"451_%E7%9C%9F%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%88true_value%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E8%A2%AB%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%88measurand%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.5.1 \u771f\u5024\uff08true value\uff09\u3068\u88ab\u6e2c\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08measurand\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u771f\u5024\u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6301\u3064\u5024\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f<strong>\u672a\u77e5<\/strong>\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u306f\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306f\u300c\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u5024\u306b\u6700\u3082\u8fd1\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u91cf\u300d\u3068\u305d\u306e<strong>\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"452_%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%EF%BC%88error%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.5.2 \u8aa4\u5dee\uff08error\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1d\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5024 \u2212 \u771f\u5024<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u306f\u771f\u5024\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001**\u504f\u308a\uff08bias\uff09<strong>\u3068<\/strong>\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\uff08variability\uff09**\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08bias\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u305a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u76ee\u76db\u308a\u304c0.3\u3060\u3051\u9ad8\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5076\u7136\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08random error\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e2c\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u5909\u52d5\u3059\u308b\uff08\u74b0\u5883\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u306a\u3069\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"453_%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%95%EF%BC%88uncertainty%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.5.3 \u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\uff08uncertainty\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u771f\u5024\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e<strong>\u5408\u7406\u7684\u306a\u5e45<\/strong>\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A\u985e\uff08\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u6e2c\u5b9a\u304b\u3089\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u985e\uff08\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6821\u6b63\u8a3c\u660e\u66f8\u3001\u4ed5\u69d8\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9650\u306a\u3069\u304b\u3089\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308b<br>\u8907\u6570\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306f<strong>\u5408\u6210<\/strong>\u3057\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066**\u62e1\u5f35\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\uff08k \u500d\uff09**\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"454_%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88precision%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E7%A2%BA%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88accuracy%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.5.4 \u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08precision\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5ea6\uff08accuracy\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1d\u518d\u73fe\u6027\uff08<strong>\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d<\/strong>\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u78ba\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1d\u771f\u5024\u3078\u306e\u8fd1\u3055\uff08<strong>\u504f\u308a<\/strong>\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u30fb\u4f4e\u78ba\u5ea6\uff1a\u6bce\u56de\u3074\u305f\u308a\u540c\u3058\u201c\u5916\u308c\u305f\u201d\u5024<br>\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u30fb\u9ad8\u78ba\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u3059\u308b\u3068\u771f\u5024\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u304c\u6563\u3089\u3070\u308b<br>\u6700\u5584\u306f<strong>\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u30fb\u9ad8\u78ba\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u6821\u6b63\u3067\u504f\u308a\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3067\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3092\u7d5e\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"46_%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E3%81%8C%E8%A8%B1%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B\"><\/span>4.6 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u4ee3\u8868\u5024\uff1a\u3069\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"461_%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%88scale%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E\"><\/span>4.6.1 \u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09\u306e4\u5206\u985e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u540d\u7fa9\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u8840\u6db2\u578b\uff09\u3002<strong>\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef<\/strong>\u3001\u6700\u983b\u5024\u306f\u53ef<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9806\u5e8f\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u9806\u4f4d\u3084\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a5\u6bb5\u968e\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<strong>\u4e2d\u592e\u5024<\/strong>\u306f\u53ef\u3001\u5dee\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u5f31\u3044<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9593\u9694\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5dee\u306f\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308a\u3001<strong>\u771f\u306e0\u306a\u3057<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u6442\u6c0f\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u6e1b\u306f\u53ef\u3001<strong>\u6bd4\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5dee\u3082\u6bd4\u3082\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308a\u3001<strong>\u771f\u306e0\u3042\u308a<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9577\u3055\u30fb\u8cea\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"462_%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%A4%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E3%81%B3%E6%96%B9\"><\/span>4.6.2 \u4ee3\u8868\u5024\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7b97\u8853\u5e73\u5747<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bfe\u79f0\u5206\u5e03\u30fb\u5916\u308c\u5024\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3068\u304d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u592e\u5024<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306b\u5f37\u3044\uff08\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6700\u983b\u5024<\/strong>\uff1a\u540d\u7fa9\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3084\u591a\u5cf0\u6027\u306e\u6642\u306b\u6709\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e7e\u4f55\u5e73\u5747<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u6bd4\u30fb\u7387\u30fb\u6210\u9577\u7387<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u8907\u5229\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u4e57\u6cd5\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8abf\u548c\u5e73\u5747<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u30fb\u52b9\u7387<\/strong>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u9006\u6570\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u300d\u306b\u9069\u5408<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30e0\u5e73\u5747\uff0f\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b6\u30fc\u5316\u5e73\u5747<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u308c\u5024\u5bfe\u7b56<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4f34\u8d70\u3059\u308b\u6563\u3089\u3070\u308a\u6307\u6a19\uff1a<strong>\u5206\u6563\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08IQR\uff09<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u7d76\u5bfe\u504f\u5dee\uff08MAD\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"463_%E5%A4%96%E3%82%8C%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%88outlier%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E6%89%B1%E3%81%84\"><\/span>4.6.3 \u5916\u308c\u5024\uff08outlier\uff09\u306e\u6271\u3044<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u691c\u51fa\u306f<strong>IQR\u6cd5\uff08Q1\u22121.5IQR \uff0f Q3\uff0b1.5IQR\uff09\u3084z\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001<strong>\u5916\u308c\u5024\uff1d\u8aa4\u308a<\/strong>\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br>\u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30df\u30b9\u304b\u3001\u5e0c\u5c11\u3060\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u304b\u300d\u3092<strong>\u8a18\u9332\u30fb\u6839\u62e0\u3064\u304d\u3067<\/strong>\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"47_%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8D%E3%82%92%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE\"><\/span>4.7 \u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\uff1a\u5206\u6563\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u30fb\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6563\uff08\u03c3\u00b2\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e8c\u4e57\u504f\u5dee\u306e\u5e73\u5747\uff08\u6bcd\uff0f\u6a19\u672c\u3067\u5f0f\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u03c3\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6563\u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u3002<strong>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6563\u3089\u3070\u308a\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08SE\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3002<strong>\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3068\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u76f4\u89b3\uff1a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u6563\u3089\u3070\u308a\uff08SD\uff09\u3068\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u5024\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\uff08SE\uff09\u306f\u5225\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"48_%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E3%83%BB%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E6%96%B9%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%97%E6%B3%95%E3%81%A8%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E5%91%A8%E8%BE%BA\"><\/span>4.8 \u8fd1\u4f3c\u30fb\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5468\u8fba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"481_%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88ordinary_least_squares%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.8.1 \u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u6cd5\uff08ordinary least squares\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89b3\u6e2c\u5024\u3068\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08\u76f4\u7dda\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u306e\u5dee\uff08<strong>\u6b8b\u5dee<\/strong>\uff09\u3092\u4e8c\u4e57\u3057\u3066\u5408\u8a08\u304c<strong>\u6700\u5c0f<\/strong>\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9577\u6240\uff1a\u89e3\u304c\u660e\u5feb\u3001\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306b\u5f31\u3044\u3001<strong>\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u30fb\u7b49\u5206\u6563\u30fb\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>\u306a\u3069\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u70b9\u691c\u304c\u5fc5\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"482_%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0%E3%83%BB%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E5%8C%96\"><\/span>4.8.2 \u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30\u30fb\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u56de\u5e30\u30fb\u6b63\u5247\u5316<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u56de\u5e30<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u30fb\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u98fd\u548c\u66f2\u7dda\u306a\u3069<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u56de\u5e30<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u308c\u5024\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6291\u3048\u308b\uff08Huber\u640d\u5931\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u5247\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u904e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u7e2e\u5c0f\uff08\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\uff0f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bd\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\uff09<br>\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f<strong>\u6b8b\u5dee\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3001R\u00b2\u3001\u4ea4\u5dee\u691c\u8a3c<\/strong>\u306a\u3069\u8907\u6570\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"49_%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%A8%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%9A%E9%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E8%A3%9C%E5%AE%8C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82\"><\/span>4.9 \u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3068\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u9055\u3044\u3068\u88dc\u5b8c\u95a2\u4fc2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"491_%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88quantitative%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.9.1 \u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff08quantitative\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf<\/strong>\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u6271\u3044\u3001<strong>\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u30fb\u65b9\u5411\u30fb\u78ba\u304b\u3089\u3057\u3055<\/strong>\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff1a\u76f8\u95a2\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u3001ANOVA\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u30fb\u56e0\u5b50\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306a\u3069<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f37\u307f\uff1a\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u30fb\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9650\u754c\uff1a<strong>\u6e2c\u308b\u524d\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u8ca7\u5f31\u3060\u3068\u3001\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u201c\u9593\u9055\u3044\u201d\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u5371\u967a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"492_%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88qualitative%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>4.9.2 \u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff08qualitative\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8a00\u8a9e\u30fb\u6620\u50cf\u30fb\u89b3\u5bdf<\/strong>\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7d20\u6750\u306b\u3001<strong>\u6587\u8108\u30fb\u52d5\u6a5f\u30fb\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/strong>\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u624b\u6cd5\uff1a\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u3001\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30bb\u30aa\u30ea\u30fc\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u30a8\u30b9\u30ce\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f37\u307f\uff1a<strong>\u306a\u305c<\/strong>\u305d\u3046\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306e\u624b\u89e6\u308a\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u751f\u6210<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9650\u754c\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8005\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044 \u2192 **\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u591a\u9762\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\uff09<strong>\u3068<\/strong>\u76e3\u67fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u624b\u9806\u306e\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff09**\u3067\u88dc\u5f37<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u306f\u4f75\u7528\u304c\u6a19\u6e96<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u5b9a\u91cf\u3067\u300c\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u30fb\u3069\u3061\u3089\u5411\u304d\u304b\u300d\u3092\u63b4\u307f\u3001\u5b9a\u6027\u3067\u300c\u306a\u305c\u30fb\u3069\u3046\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6398\u308b\u3002\u5f80\u5fa9\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3092\u78e8\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"410_%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%96%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8\"><\/span>4.10 \u53ef\u8996\u5316\uff1a\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5316\u306f\u5206\u6790\u306e\u4e00\u90e8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u7684\u5148\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f55\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u306e\u304b\uff08\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0f\u5206\u5e03\uff0f\u95a2\u4fc2\uff0f\u69cb\u6210\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9078\u629e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6298\u308c\u7dda\uff1d\u63a8\u79fb\u3001\u68d2\uff1d\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\uff1d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\uff1d\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u30d2\u30fc\u30c8\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\uff1d\u5f37\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u8ef8\u306e\u5207\u65ad\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u8ef8\u306e\u4e71\u7528\u3001\u9762\u7a4d\u30fb\u8272\u306e\u8aa4\u8a98\u5c0e<\/strong>\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u88c5\u98fe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u826f\u3044\u5b9f\u52d9<\/strong>\uff1a\u51e1\u4f8b\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u30fb\u51fa\u6240\u3001\u6ce8\u91c8\u3067\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u660e\u793a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"411_%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E6%89%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AA%E3%81%90\"><\/span>4.11 \u7d71\u5408\uff1a\u5206\u91ce\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u3064\u306a\u3050<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5358\u72ec\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3084\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u6349\u3048\u304d\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<strong>\u7d71\u5408<\/strong>\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u30fb\u7c92\u5ea6\u30fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092<strong>\u5171\u901a\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u675f\u306d\u3001\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3084\u7406\u8ad6\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u3078\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BE%8B1%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%A6%E7%BF%92%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4%E7%AD%96%E3%82%92%E8%A9%95%E4%BE%A1%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B\"><\/span>\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u652f\u63f4\u7b56\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u7fd2\u6642\u9593\uff08\u30ed\u30b0\uff09\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5ea6\uff08\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\uff09\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\uff08\u8cea\u554f\u7968\uff09\u3001\u6388\u696d\u89b3\u5bdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08\u56de\u5e30\u30fb\u5dee\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u306e\u69cb\u60f3\u3082\u53ef\uff09\u3001\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u6388\u696d\u8a18\u9332\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d71\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cf\u7684\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\uff0b\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u4e0a\u306e\u969c\u58c1\u3092<strong>\u4e00\u679a\u306e\u7269\u8a9e<\/strong>\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6848\u3078\u63a5\u7d9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BE%8B2%EF%BC%9A%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A1%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%82%92%E7%9F%AD%E7%B8%AE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B\"><\/span>\u4f8b2\uff1a\u75c5\u9662\u306e\u5f85\u3061\u6642\u9593\u3092\u77ed\u7e2e\u3059\u308b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u53d7\u4ed8\u301c\u8a3a\u5bdf\u301c\u4f1a\u8a08\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u52d5\u7dda<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u63a8\u5b9a\u30fb\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\u3001\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u73fe\u5834\u30d2\u30a2\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d71\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u54e1\u914d\u7f6e\u30fb\u6a5f\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u30fb\u5c0e\u7dda\u5909\u66f4\u306e<strong>\u7dcf\u5408\u8a08\u753b<\/strong>\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u5c0e\u5165\u524d\u5f8c\u3067\u6307\u6a19\u3092\u518d\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u9375\uff1a<strong>\u5171\u901a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8f9e\u66f8\u30fb\u624b\u9806\u66f8\u30fb\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96<\/strong>\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u9593\u3067\u540c\u3058\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"412_%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86\"><\/span>4.12 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u54c1\u8cea\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u502b\u7406<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong>\uff1a\u78ba\u7387\u62bd\u51fa\uff08\u5358\u7d14\u30fb\u5c64\u5316\u30fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3068\u975e\u78ba\u7387\u62bd\u51fa\uff08\u5272\u5f53\u30fb\u30b9\u30ce\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3001<strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3068\u5b9f\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/strong>\u3092\u4e21\u7acb\u3002\u6982\u7b97\u3067\u3082<strong>\u5fc5\u8981\u6a19\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba<\/strong>\u3068<strong>\u691c\u51fa\u529b<\/strong>\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b20\u640d\uff08MCAR\/MAR\/MNAR\u306e\u76f4\u89b3\uff09\u3001\u5916\u308c\u5024\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u8868\u3002<strong>\u52a0\u5de5\u5c65\u6b74\u306e\u8a18\u9332<\/strong>\u306f\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u790e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff0fFAIR<\/strong>\uff1a\u51fa\u6240\u30fb\u65e5\u6642\u30fb\u6a5f\u5668\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u30fb\u9023\u7d61\u5148\u3092\u8a18\u3059\uff08Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable \u306e\u7cbe\u795e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u502b\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u610f\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u30fb\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u30fb\u4fdd\u6301\u671f\u9593\u3002\u533f\u540d\u5316\uff08\u64ec\u540d\u5316\u3001k\u533f\u540d\u306e\u76f4\u89b3\uff09\u3084<strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u306e\u7d71\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u6539\u3056\u3093\u30fb\u634f\u9020\u30fb\u76d7\u7528\u306e\u9632\u6b62\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"413_%E7%8F%BE%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%A7%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88\"><\/span>4.13 \u73fe\u5834\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6e2c\u5b9a\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f55\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u304b\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5074\u9762\uff09\u304c\u66f8\u3051\u308b\uff0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306f\u9069\u5207\u304b\uff08\u540d\u7fa9\u30fb\u9806\u5e8f\u30fb\u9593\u9694\u30fb\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff09\uff0f\u5358\u4f4d\u306f\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\uff08\u518d\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u8cab\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u8005\u9593\uff09\u3068\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u30fb\u57fa\u6e96\u30fb\u69cb\u6210\uff09\u3092\u3069\u3046\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6821\u6b63\u30fb\u74b0\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u624b\u9806\u66f8\u30fb\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u6e96\u5099\u6e08\u307f\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u53ce\u96c6\u30fb\u54c1\u8cea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306f\u8ab0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3069\u3046\u62bd\u51fa\uff1f\u504f\u308a\u306f\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b20\u640d\u30fb\u5916\u308c\u5024\u30fb\u91cd\u8907\u306e\u6271\u3044\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u52a0\u5de5\u5c65\u6b74\u306f\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u30fb\u7d71\u5408<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u7d71\u8a08\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u5206\u6563\u3001\u56de\u5e30\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u304b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac\u3001\u4ee3\u66ff\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u306f\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u751f\u307e\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u8ef8\u30fb\u8272\u30fb\u6ce8\u91c8\uff09\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3067\u304d\u308b<strong>\u4e00\u679a\u306e\u30b5\u30de\u30ea\u30fc<\/strong>\uff08\u6307\u6a19\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\u30fb\u9650\u754c\uff09\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"414_%E7%AB%A0%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81\"><\/span>4.14 \u7ae0\u307e\u3068\u3081<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3068\u8a08\u6e2c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u969b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u300c\u8a08\u6e2c\u300d\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5171\u901a\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u4e8c\u672c\u67f1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\uff08\u518d\u73fe\u6027\uff09\u3068\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3082\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8aa4\u5dee\u30fb\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u771f\u5024\u306f\u672a\u77e5\u3002\u504f\u308a\u3068\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3001<strong>\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055<\/strong>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e45\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u5024\u3068\u6563\u3089\u3070\u308a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u9078\u629e\u30fb\u5206\u6563\uff0f\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u30fb\u5916\u308c\u5024\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u306b\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u9069\u5408\u5ea6\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u91cf\u00d7\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u3092\u6271\u3046\u529b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u8108\u3092\u6271\u3046\u529b\u306f\u88dc\u5b8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d71\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u7570\u5206\u91ce\u30fb\u7570\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u7570\u624b\u6cd5\u3092<strong>\u5171\u901a\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u675f\u306d\u3001\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u3064\u306a\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u54c1\u8cea\u30fb\u502b\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u30e1\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30b7\u30fc\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4.1 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12"],"blocksy_meta":[],"mb":[],"mfb_rest_fields":["title","blocksy_meta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":352,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions\/352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}