{"id":27,"date":"2025-08-13T17:34:10","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T08:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nozomi.news\/note\/?p=27"},"modified":"2026-01-05T22:29:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T13:29:45","slug":"3%e3%80%80%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e9%96%a2%e4%bf%82%e3%81%a8%e7%9b%b8%e9%96%a2-%e2%80%95-%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%8e%a8%e8%ab%96%e3%81%ae%e6%ad%a3%e3%81%97%e3%81%84%e4%bd%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27","title":{"rendered":"3 \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u76f8\u95a2 \u2015 \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#31_%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%A5%E3%81%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%8B\" >3.1 \u5c0e\u5165\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u533a\u5225\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u304b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#32_%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%88Causation%EF%BC%89\" >3.2 \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Causation\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E3%81%A8%E4%B8%89%E8%A6%81%E4%BB%B6\" >\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u4e09\u8981\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E5%8D%98%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0\" >\u5358\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u8907\u5408\u539f\u56e0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF\" >\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u80cc\u666f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#33_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%88Correlation%EF%BC%89\" >3.3 \u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Correlation\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\" >\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\" >\u6e2c\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%88%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F\" >\u89e3\u91c8\u4e0a\u306e\u6ce8\u610f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#34_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%8C%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%85%B8%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%A4%E3%82%8A\" >3.4 \u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8aa4\u308a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#35_%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E3%82%92%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\" >3.5 \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E5%AE%9F%E9%A8%93%EF%BC%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%85%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%EF%BC%89\" >\u5b9f\u9a13\uff08\u4ecb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E8%A6%B3%E5%AF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6\" >\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E7%9A%84%E3%83%BB%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B%E6%B3%95\" >\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u30fb\u8a08\u91cf\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u624b\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#36_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%92%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E9%81%95%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88\" >3.6 \u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#37_%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3\" >3.7 \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u30b9\u30bf\u30c7\u30a3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#38_%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A8%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E3%82%92%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%A5%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9\" >3.8 \u56e0\u679c\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u610f\u7fa9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/qchain.jp\/note\/?p=27\/#39_%E7%AB%A0%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81\" >3.9 \u7ae0\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%A5%E3%81%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%8B\"><\/span>3.1 \u5c0e\u5165\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u533a\u5225\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u304b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3084\u65e5\u5e38\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u590f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3042\u308b\u98f2\u6599\u306e\u58f2\u4e0a\u304c\u4f38\u3073\u3001\u540c\u6642\u671f\u306b\u71b1\u4e2d\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u3082\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u6570\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5897\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092<strong>\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u751f\u6210\u306e\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4e00\u65b9\u304c\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061<strong>\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong>\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5373\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5371\u967a\u3060\u3002\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u3001\u7121\u610f\u5473\u306a\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u8aa4\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u62e1\u6563\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308c\u3070\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306f\u591a\u3044\u300219\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u533b\u5e2b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u75c5\u9662\u3067\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3092\u300c\u60a3\u8005\u304c\u91cd\u75c7\u3060\u304b\u3089\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u624b\u6d17\u3044\u3084\u885b\u751f\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8efd\u8996\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u611f\u67d3\u6b7b\u304c\u9632\u3052\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u533b\u5e2b\u306e\u624b\u304b\u3089\u60a3\u8005\u3078\u306e\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u4f1d\u64ad\uff09\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%88Causation%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>3.2 \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Causation\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E3%81%A8%E4%B8%89%E8%A6%81%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u4e09\u8981\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u304c\u5225\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u751f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4e09\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5148\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5171\u5909\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u4e21\u8005\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%8D%98%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0\"><\/span>\u5358\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u8907\u5408\u539f\u56e0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3084\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u751f\u7269\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f<strong>\u8907\u5408\u56e0\u679c<\/strong>\u304c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3084\u7d4c\u6e08\u4e0d\u6cc1\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u3067\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF\"><\/span>\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u80cc\u666f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>18\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u89b3\u5bdf\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u898f\u5247\u7684\u9023\u95a2\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u300219\u4e16\u7d00\u306eJ.S.\u30df\u30eb\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u81f4\u6cd5\u300d\u300c\u5dee\u7570\u6cd5\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u63a2\u308b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8ad6\u306b\u3082\u901a\u3058\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%88Correlation%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>3.3 \u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Correlation\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\"><\/span>\u5b9a\u7fa9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5897\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u52d5\u304f\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>\u6e2c\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u65b9\u5411\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\uff08\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u3092\u63cf\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u304b\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u304b\u3001\u5916\u308c\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306a\u3069\u3082\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%88%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F\"><\/span>\u89e3\u91c8\u4e0a\u306e\u6ce8\u610f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u5358\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300cA\u3092\u8cb7\u3046\u4eba\u306fB\u3082\u8cb7\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76f8\u95a2\u306f\u3001A\u304cB\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u55dc\u597d\u3084\u6240\u5f97\u5c64\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%8C%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%85%B8%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%A4%E3%82%8A\"><\/span>3.4 \u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8aa4\u308a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\uff08Confounding\uff09<\/strong><br>\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u8981\u56e0\u304cA\u3068B\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u52d5\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\uff1a\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u8ca9\u58f2\u3068\u71b1\u4e2d\u75c7\u767a\u75c7\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9006\u56e0\u679c\uff08Reverse Causation\uff09<\/strong><br>\u672c\u5f53\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3002\u4f8b\uff1a\u5065\u5eb7\u60aa\u5316\u304c\u904b\u52d5\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5076\u7136\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Spurious Correlation\uff09<\/strong><br>\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u5909\u6570\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u5076\u7136\u76f8\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30fb\u96c6\u8a08\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9<\/strong><br>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u53ce\u96c6\u3084\u96c6\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3067\u898b\u304b\u3051\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u65e9\u5408\u70b9<\/strong><br>\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3084SNS\u3067\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3084\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u304c\u62e1\u6563\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E3%82%92%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>3.5 \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9F%E9%A8%93%EF%BC%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%85%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>\u5b9f\u9a13\uff08\u4ecb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13\uff08RCT\uff09\u306f\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8cbb\u7528\u30fb\u6642\u9593\u30fb\u502b\u7406\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%A6%B3%E5%AF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6\"><\/span>\u89b3\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9f\u9a13\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u671f\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30b3\u30db\u30fc\u30c8\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u591a\u5909\u91cf\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4ea4\u7d61\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E7%9A%84%E3%83%BB%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u30fb\u8a08\u91cf\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u624b\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5dee\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u6cd5\uff08DiD\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ecb\u5165\u7fa4\u3068\u975e\u4ecb\u5165\u7fa4\u306e\u5909\u5316\u91cf\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u4ecb\u5165\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u5909\u6570\u6cd5\uff08IV\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5916\u7684\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u69cb\u9020\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u30e2\u30c7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\uff08SEM\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8907\u6570\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30d1\u30b9\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56e0\u679c\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\uff08DAG\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5909\u6570\u9593\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8996\u899a\u5316\u3057\u3001\u4ea4\u7d61\u3084\u5a92\u4ecb\u30d1\u30b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"36_%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%92%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E9%81%95%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88\"><\/span>3.6 \u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol 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